Published by Itaca Tours | 02/16/2025
Madrid, the vibrant capital of Spain, is a must-visit destination for any traveler. From its stunning architecture and world-class museums to its lively nightlife and delicious cuisine, there is something for everyone to enjoy in this bustling city. Whether you're exploring the historic streets of the old town, taking in a flamenco show, or sampling tapas at a local bar, Madrid never fails to impress. This comprehensive guide will help you explore everything Madrid has to offer, from its iconic landmarks to its hidden gems. Let’s dive into the best things to see and do in Madrid!
1. Must-See Attractions in Madrid
1.1. Puerta del Sol: Puerta del Sol is Madrid’s beating heart and a must-visit spot. In the 15th century, the Puerta del Sol was one of the gates in the city wall. In the 18th century, the Casa de Correos was built, which today is the headquarters of the Presidency of the Community of Madrid. The clock at the Casa de Correos marks the beginning of the New Year for many Spaniards. At Puerta del Sol you will also find:
- The equestrian statue of Charles III, 9 metres high.
- Kilometer Zero, the starting point of Spain’s national roads.
- The Bear and the Strawberry Tree statue, Madrid’s emblem, next to Calle Alcalá.
1.2. Plaza Mayor: Just a short walk from Puerta del Sol, Plaza Mayor is one of Spain’s most stunning squares. The Plaza Mayor is a major public space in the heart of Madrid, and it was once the centre of Old Madrid. It was first built (1580-1619) during the reign of Philip III. Don’t miss:
- The historic arcades lined with cafés and restaurants.
- Casa de la Panadería, an iconic painted building.
- Arco de Cuchilleros, a picturesque entrance.
1.3. Royal Palace of Madrid: The Royal Palace of Madrid is the official residence of the Spanish Royal Family (though they don't live there and now used only for state ceremonies). The palace has 135,000 m² of floor space and contains 3,418 rooms. It is the largest royal palace in Europe. Highlights include:
- State Rooms, the Royal Armory, and the Royal Pharmacy.
- Sabatini Gardens and Campo del Moro, perfect for a scenic stroll.
1.4. Almudena Cathedral: Located opposite the Royal Palace, it is the seat of the Archdiocese of Madrid. Its construction began in 1883 and finished over a century later, when it was consecrated by Pope John Paul II in 1993. The church has a north-south orientation, which is remarkable, considering most Christian churches have an east-west orientation. The cathedral was constructed this way to integrate seamlessly with the Royal Palace, which has the same orientation. The cathedral was the site of the wedding of King Felipe VI (who was prince at the time) to Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano on May 22, 2004. Climb to the dome for breathtaking views of Madrid.
1.5. Gran Vía: Madrid’s most famous avenue, sometimes referred to as the "Spanish Broadway". Gran Vía is one of the city's most important shopping areas, with a large number of hotels and large movie theatres. However, since the late 2000s, many of these theatres have been replaced by shopping centres. The Gran Vía serves as a showcase of early 20th-century revival architecture, with architectural styles ranging from Vienna Secession style, Plateresque, Neo-Mudéjar, and Art Deco, among others. Admiring landmarks like the Telefónica Building and Capitol Building.
1.6. Plaza de España: is a large square and popular tourist destination located in central Madrid, at the western end of the Gran Vía. It features a monument to Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra with statues of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, and is adjacent to two of Madrid's most prominent skyscrapers: The iconic Edificio España with 117 m (384 ft) tall and built in 1953, and Torre de Madrid with 142 m (466 ft) and built in 1957.
1.7. Temple of Debod: is an ancient Nubian temple currently located in Madrid. The temple was originally erected in the early 2nd century BC 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Aswan, Egypt. The Egyptian government donated the temple to Spain in 1968 as a sign of gratitude for their participation in the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia. It was dismantled, transported, and rebuilt in the Parque de la Montaña in 1970–1972. It is one of the few works of ancient Egyptian architecture relocated outside Egypt and the only one of its kind in Spain. Visit at sunset for stunning views.
1.8. San Miguel Market: Located in the heart of Madrid, the Mercado de San Miguel is a monument to Spanish cuisine. A meeting point for food lovers, it welcomes more than 7 million visitors each year. A gourmet food market where you can sample Iberian ham, seafood, croquettes, and a wide variety of Spanish wine.
1.9. Cibeles Square: It sits at the intersection of Calle de Alcalá (running from east to west), Paseo de Recoletos (to the North) and Paseo del Prado (to the south). It is currently delimited by four prominent buildings: the Bank of Spain, the Palace of Buenavista, the Palace of Linares, and the Cybele Palace ("Palacio de Cibeles"). These constructions are located in four different neighbourhoods from three different adjacent districts: Centro, Retiro, and Salamanca. Over the years, Cybele Palace and her fountain have become symbolic monuments of the city, and where Real Madrid celebrates its victories.
1.10. Prado Museum: Officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum and one of the world’s most important museums. Founded as a museum of paintings and sculpture in 1819, contains around 8,200 drawings, 7,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and 1,000 sculptures, in addition to many other works of art and historic documents. Take your time to admire “Las Meninas” by Velázquez, “The Garden of Earthly Delights” by Bosch or “The Naked Maja” by Goya among others.
1.11. Reina Sofía Museum: The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (Reina Sofía Museum) is a world-famous museum in Madrid, that houses 20th-century art. The museum is located in two buildings, the Sabatini Building and the Nouvel Building, and is part of the city's "Golden Triangle of Art". The museum's collection includes works by artists such as Picasso, Dalí, Miró, and others, but the most famous work is Pablo Picasso's Guernica.
1.12. Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum: The final piece of Madrid’s “Golden Triangle of Art”, with works ranging from the Renaissance to Pop Art. With over 1,600 paintings, it was once the second largest private collection in the world after the British Royal Collection.
1.13. Retiro Park: Covering over 125 hectares and comprising more than 15,000 trees, El Retiro Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a green oasis in the heart of the city. In it you’ll find all kinds of interesting monuments and gardens, including Jardín de Vivaces, Jardines de Cecilio Rodríguez (Andalusian-inspired classicistic gardens), Jardines del Arquitecto Herrero Palacios, the Rosaleda rose garden and Parterre Francés, which holds a Mexican conifer that is nearly 400 years old and is believed to be Madrid’s oldest tree. In addition to its role as one of the city’s green lungs, it is also a popular spot among Madrileños who like to go there for a stroll, to do some sport, visit an exhibition or take the kids to a puppet show. The park is home to a large artificial lake, where you can rent a rowing boat, and to the Velázquez Palace and Glass Palace which are both currently used as exhibition halls by the Reina Sofía Museum. Don't miss The Fallen Angel Fountain, dedicated to the devil.
1.14. Puerta de Alcalá: A neoclassical gate marking the entrance to the city, located near Retiro Park. The square is bisected by Alcalá Street, although the street does not cross through the monument, and it is the origin of the Alfonso XII, Serrano and Olózaga streets. Its name originates from the old path from Madrid to the nearby town of Alcalá de Henares.
2. Madrid’s Coolest Neighborhoods
2.1. Las Letras: In the seventeenth century, the Golden Age of Spanish Literature, Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Tirso de Molina and Góngora, among other authors, had their homes here – hence the name. Some of the streets in this neighbourhood pay tribute to this and other brilliant chapters of Spanish history, culture and art. The Literary Quarter lies in the heart of Madrid, between such attractions as Sol-Gran Vía and Paseo del Arte (Art Walk). Its boundaries are Calle de la Cruz, Carrera de San Jerónimo, Paseo del Prado and Calle Atocha. Enjoy a walk through Huertas Street, with famous literary quotes embedded in the pavement, and visit Lope de Vega House-Museum.
2.2. Malasaña: It owes its name to Manuela Malasaña, one of the heroines and victims of the historical events that took place in Madrid on 2 May 1808. Plaza del Dos de Mayo, at the heart of the neighbourhood, commemorates the rebellion against Napoleon’s occupation led by captains Luis Daoíz and Pedro Velarde, officers at the headquarters of the Monteleón Artillery Regiment. The square, which has kept an arch of the old military premises, pays tribute to the two brave captains with a monument. The district Malasaña resembles a square, bordered by Gran Vía on the south, Calle Fuencarral on the east, Calle Carranza on the north and Calle de San Bernardo on the west. Malasaña is perfect for cozy cafés and vintage shops.
2.3. Chueca: In the deep heart of Madrid, next to Gran Vía, Chueca is globally famous, courtesy of its high-spirited atmosphere and lively nightlife scene. Art and history contribute to its being a tourist attraction as well. Chueca accommodates the Museum of Romanticism, housed in the former palace of the Marquis of Matallana, built in 1776. The museum contains an interesting collection of paintings, furniture and decorative objects from the nineteenth century that give you an idea of how Romantic Madrid used to be. It has works by Goya, Esquivel, Madrazo, Alenza, Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer and his brother Valeriano, among other artists. With the arrival of summer, the Chueca neighbourhood becomes the epicentre of one of the most awaited parties, the Madrid LGTBIQA+ Pride Festivals.
2.4. La Latina: With El Rastro flea market, tapas, the festival of La Paloma, Las Vistillas Gardens and much more, this fun-loving area of Madrid is a must for visitors to the capital. La Latina is located in the heart of Madrid, adjacent to other areas of tourist interest, such as the Habsburg, Sol-Gran Vía, Lavapiés and Madrid Río neighbourhoods. El Rastro, Madrid's famous open-air flea market, is open every Sunday and public holiday from 9 AM–3 PM. La Latina is a tapas paradise! Enjoy Cava Baja Street for traditional Spanish food.
2.5. Lavapiés: Madrid’s most multicultural neighborhood, offering international cuisine and street art. Since the sixteenth century, Lavapiés has been inhabited by the lower classes. Local residents used to live in apartment blocks, or tenements, called corralas that were arranged around an interior courtyard. You can see a typical example of this type of buildings at the corner of Tribulete and Mesón de Paredes. The tourist district of Lavapiés lies in the southeast part of almond-shaped central Madrid. As in the neighbouring Barrio de La Latina, the streets here are steep, narrow and maze-like, which reminds us that the area emerged in the Middle Ages as a quarter outside the walled town soon after Madrid became the capital of the kingdom in 1561.
3. Unique Experiences in Madrid
3.1. Watch a Flamenco Show: Flamenco is a Spanish art form that combines dance, song, and music. It's a vibrant, expressive style that originated in Andalusia and is rooted in the region's folklore. Top venues include: Casa Patas, Corral de la Morería, and Las Carboneras, among others.
3.2. Tour Santiago Bernabéu: Football fans can visit the home stadium of Real Madrid. With a seating capacity of 78,297 the stadium has the second-largest seating capacity for a football stadium in Spain. It has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947.
3.3. Stroll Through El Rastro Market: Spain’s largest flea market, held every Sunday in La Latina. Known the world over for its crowded, transient flea market that's held on Sundays and public holidays and offers a diverse range of goods, El Rastro is a bustling shopping area in the city centre that’s open every day of the week and stands out for its jumble of specialist shops, typical bars, historic sites and interesting places like the Museum of Popular Art.
3.4. Try Madrid’s Traditional Dishes
- Cocido madrileño (Madrid-style stew) at Taberna la Daniela.
- Churros with chocolate at San Ginés.
- Callos a la madrileña (Madrid-style tripe) at Zalacain.
- Calamari sandwich at La Campana, in Plaza Mayor.
- Roast suckling pig and roast lamb at Casa Botín, the oldest restaurant in the world, founded in 1725.
4. Best Day Trips from Madrid
4.1. Toledo: Toledo is an ancient city set on a hill above the plains of Castilla-La Mancha in central Spain. The capital of the region, it’s known for the medieval Arab, Jewish and Christian monuments in its walled old city. It was also the former home of Mannerist painter El Greco. The Moorish Bisagra Gate and the Sol Gate, in Mudéjar style, open into the old quarter, where the Plaza de Zocodover is a lively meeting place. A 30-minute train ride away from Madrid, it is a must-visit destination.
4.2. Segovia: A historic city northwest of Madrid, in central Spain's Castilla y León region. Its centuries of settlement have resulted in a rich architectural legacy, including medieval walls, Romanesque churches, a former royal palace and a Gothic cathedral. Its iconic ancient Roman aqueduct has more than 160 arches, most in the original mortarless granite, and stands above Plaza Azoguejo in the heart of the city. Don't miss the opportunity to taste a delicious roast suckling pig.
4.3. Ávila: Ávila, capital of the Spanish province of the same name, is a city in the rolling hill country northwest of Madrid. It’s best known for its intact medieval city walls, with 80-plus crenelated, semicircular towers and 9 gates, including the arched El Alcázar, on the eastern side. Long sections atop the walls are walkable. At night, the lighted walls are a distinctive sight.
4.4. El Escorial: Located in northwest of Madrid, it's home to La Granja, a 16th-century park and palace created by King Philip II. The park has sweeping views of the neighboring town, San Lorenzo de El Escorial. This town contains the 16th-century Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, with royal tombs and a vaulted library. North, the Valley of the Fallen war memorial was erected during Franco's regime.
4.5. Aranjuez: South of Madrid you will find Aranjuez, a town on the River Tagus. Its Renaissance, French-influenced Royal Palace has an elaborate facade and a lavishly decorated interior, including a porcelain room. On the grounds, by the river, are ornamental gardens like the Jardín de la Isla. In the Prince’s Garden is the Casa del Labrador, an ornate neoclassical mansion, plus an ornamental pond with a Chinese Pavilion.
5. Madrid’s Nightlife
Madrid has some of the best nightlife in Europe, but it is important to know that Madrid's nightlife is known for its late starts and even later finishes. Most people don't head out until around 10.30PM and clubs often stay open until 6AM. Head to:
- Huertas: Bars with live music and cocktails.
- Gran Vía and Callao: Clubs like Teatro Kapital and Joy Eslava.
- Malasaña: Alternative, rock-themed bars.
- Chueca: Lively LGBTQ+ venues and dance clubs.
Madrid is a city that truly has it all: history, culture, art, gastronomy, and entertainment. With this guide, you have everything you need to make the most of your visit. Are you ready to explore Madrid?
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